Myricetin loaded in solid lipid nanoparticles induces apoptosis in the HT-29 colorectal cancer cells via mitochondrial dysfunction.

BACKGROUND: Among the flavonoids, Myricetin (MCN) has negligible side effects and anti-cancer properties. However, the therapeutic potential of MCN has been limited mainly by its low bioavailability. Nanocarriers improve the bioavailability and stability of flavonoids. The toxic effects of MCN loaded in solid lipid nanoparticles (MCN-SLNs) on the HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells were investigated in this study. METHODS AND RESULTS: HT-29 cells were exposed to the 30 µmol MCN or MCN-SLNs for 24 h. Colony formation, cell viability, apoptosis, and expression of the Bax, Bcl-2, and AIF (apoptosis-inducing factor) have been investigated. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were also measured. The MCN-SLNs with appropriate characteristics and a slow sustained MCN release until 48 h made. MCN-SLNs could diminish colony numbers and survival of the HT-29 cells. The apoptosis index of MCN-SLNs-treated cells significantly increased compared to the free MCN (p < 0.001). The expression of Bax and AIF were elevated (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively) while Bcl-2 expression was decreased in MCN-SLNs treatment (p < 0.05). Moreover, MCN-SLNs significantly enhanced the ROS formation and reduced MMP compared to the free MCN-treated cells (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The SLN formulation of MCN can effectively induce colon cancer cell death by raising ROS formation and activating the apoptosis process.

Preparation and characterization of topical solid lipid nanoparticles containing Deferoxamine / Preparación y caracterización de nanopartículas lipídicas sólidas tópicas que contienen deferoxamina

Introducción: El mesilato de deferoxamina aumenta la transactivación alfa inducible por hipoxia del factor 1 al prevenir el estrés por oxígeno reactivo catalizado por hierro, por lo que puede usarse para mejorar la cicatrización de la úlcera diabética. Este estudio se llevó a cabo para desarrollar y estudiar las propiedades fisicoquímicas de nanopartículas lipídicas sólidas cargadas con deferoxamina tópica. Método: Se prepararon nanopartículas de lípidos sólidos utilizando la técnica de homogeneización en frío y un diseño factorial completo para evaluar el efecto del tipo de tensioactivo y la cantidad de lípidos. Se llevó a cabo la caracterización in vitro de las formulaciones, incluido el tamaño y la distribución de las partículas, el comportamiento térmico mediante calorimetría de barrido diferencial, la eficiencia de atrapamiento y el perfil de liberación. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron un rango aceptable de tamaño de partícula (2,88-174 nm), una distribución de tamaño estrecha y un promedio del 60% para la eficacia de atrapamiento del fármaco, lo que es significativo para un fármaco hidrófilo. Los resultados del estudio de liberación mostraron una liberación de ráfaga inicial seguida de una manera lenta y prolongada. Los resultados de la calorimetría diferencial de barrido también confirmaron los resultados obtenidos de las evaluaciones de carga y liberación. La mejor formulación que tenía un alto nivel de carga de fármaco y la menor tasa de liberación de fármaco contenía compritol y ácido oleico en una cantidad del 8% de la fórmula total, así como tween 80 y lecitina como una mezcla de tensioactivos. Conclusiones: El estudio demostró que el mesilato de deferoxamina podría cargarse en nanopartículas de lípidos sólidos para administrar por vía tópica. (AU)

Introduction: Deferoxamine mesylate increases hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha transactivation by preventing iron-catalyzed reactive oxygen stress, so it can be used to improve diabetic ulcer healing. This study was undertaken to develop and study physicochemical properties of topical deferoxamine-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles. Method: Solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared using cold homogenization technique and full factorial design to evaluate the effect of surfactant type and amount of lipid. In-vitro characterization of formulations including particle size and distribution, thermal behavior using Differential Scanning Calorimetry, entrapment efficiency, and release profile were carried out. Results: The results showed an acceptable range of particle size (2.88–174 nm), a narrow size distribution, and an average of 60% for drug entrapment efficiency which is significant for a hydrophilic drug. The results from release study showed an initial burst release followed by a slow and prolonged manner. Differential Scanning Calorimetry results also confirmed the results obtained from loading and release evaluations. The best formulation which had a high level of drug loading and the lowest drug release rate contained compritol and oleic acid in the amount of 8% of the total formula, as well as tween 80 and lecithin as a mixture of surfactants. Conclusions: The study demonstrated deferoxamine could be loaded in solid lipid nanoparticles to deliver topi-cally. (AU)

Fabrication and Characterization of Glycerol/Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Transparent Hydrogel Films Loaded with Silver Nanoparticles for Antibacterial Wound Dressing Applications.

BACKGROUND: Wounds have a bad prognostic nature and excessive discharges whose regular wound dressings are ineffective. Hydrogels are the best candidates for dressing such wounds due to their high water content and ability to exchange substances. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to make a novel hydrogel wound dressing following the integration of various findings on wound healing and the use of regenerative medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Various compounds were fabricated by glycerol/chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and then characterized to obtain the optimal composition using several techniques, including a water vapor passage test, scanning electron microscopy, water absorption, tensile strength, biodegradability, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and antibacterial test. RESULTS: The findings revealed the optimal dressing ratio. Better antibacterial activity was found for the silver nanoparticle (AgNP) dressing. CONCLUSION: Our new fabricated dressing, glycerol/chitosan/PVA hydrogel loaded with AgNPs, exhibited satisfactory wound healing properties.